[et_pb_section fb_built=\u201c1\u2033 specialty=\u201con\u201c _builder_version=\u201c4.24.3\u2033 _module_preset=\u201cdefault\u201c global_colors_info=\u201c{}\u201c][et_pb_column type=\u201c1_2\u2033 specialty_columns=\u201c2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201c4.16\u2033 custom_padding=\u201c|||\u201c global_colors_info=\u201c{}\u201c custom_padding__hover=\u201c|||\u201c][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=\u201c4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201cdefault\u201c global_colors_info=\u201c{}\u201c][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u201c1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201c4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201cdefault\u201c global_colors_info=\u201c{}\u201c][et_pb_text admin_label=\u201cTitel und Adresse\u201c _builder_version=\u201c4.24.3\u2033 text_text_color=\u201c#000000\u2033 header_font=\u201c|on|||\u201c header_text_align=\u201ccenter\u201c header_text_color=\u201c#e09900\u2033 header_font_size=\u201c42px\u201c header_line_height=\u201c1.3em\u201c header_2_text_color=\u201c#e09900\u2033 background_color=\u201crgba(255,255,255,0.8)\u201c background_layout=\u201cdark\u201c custom_padding=\u201c20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true\u201c header_font_size_last_edited=\u201coff|desktop\u201c border_radii=\u201con|10px|10px|10px|10px\u201c box_shadow_style=\u201cpreset1\u2033 locked=\u201coff\u201c global_colors_info=\u201c{}\u201c]<\/p>\n
Meinhardstra\u00dfe 12<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=“66912,66903″ fullwidth=“on“ admin_label=“Galerie Wirtschaftskammer Tirol“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ pagination_text_color=“#E09900″ border_radii=“on|5px|5px|5px|5px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ global_module=“66918″ saved_tabs=“all“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“4.16″ custom_padding=“|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_toggle title=“Wissenswert“ open=“on“ open_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ open_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ closed_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ icon_color=“#e09900″ open_icon_color=“#e09900″ admin_label=“Wirtschaftskammer“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ title_text_color=“#e09900″ title_font_size=“18px“ hover_enabled=“0″ border_radii=“on|5px|5px|5px|5px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ global_module=“58990″ saved_tabs=“all“ global_colors_info=“{}“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n
The building that houses the Tyrolean Chamber of Commerce is an impressive mix of architectural styles. Adorned with bay windows and turrets, it resembles a small palace. Designed by the Munich architectural firm Ludwig Lutz, it is an example of Historicism and Heimatstil, the two dominant styles of the era. The uppermost bay window features a small imitation of the Golden Roof (Goldenes Dachl), symbolizing the Chamber\u2019s connection to Tyrolean tradition. The Art Nouveau mosaic fa\u00e7ade depicts various branches of the economy as figures reaching out to each other above the windows. It was created by Schwaz-born artist Alfons Siber (1860\u20131919), who trained at the Tyrolean Glass Painting and Mosaic Institute, under the title Allegory of Trade and Industry. Siber was a financially successful painter who, like many of his contemporaries, adhered to the pan-German ideology. Many of his works were inspired by Germanic mythology. The largely liberal founders of the Tyrolean Chamber of Trade and Industry, many of whom also belonged to the pan-German party, were not bothered by this\u2014quite the opposite. By sheer luck, the remarkable fa\u00e7ade survived. While the rest of Meinhardstra\u00dfe fell victim to World War II bombings, the Chamber remained unscathed. In 2014, a connecting wing was built to link the old part of the building with the new section on Wilhelm-Greil-Stra\u00dfe.<\/p>\n
The Chamber for Trade and Industry, the predecessor of today\u2019s Chamber of Commerce, was founded in Tyrol as early as 1851. After the social upheavals of 1848, society had to adapt to change. The influence of bourgeois entrepreneurs was still not equal to that of the nobility, even though their actual impact on economy and society was steadily increasing. This is evident from the number of businesses: the number of trading companies in Innsbruck grew from just over 80 in 1810 to more than 1,500 less than a century later. The number of inns, hotels, and industrial enterprises also rose. Many businesses emerged in the suburbs of the city, such as the Rauchm\u00fchle in M\u00fchlau, the Epp soap factory, the Herrburger & Rhomberg spinning mill, and the K\u00f6llensperger locksmith shop. The new Trade Act of 1859 turned economic conditions\u2014and thus everyday life\u2014upside down. Until then, most trades were strictly regulated. The new law made it possible to start a business almost without restrictions. Company formations skyrocketed. Previously, guilds, alongside the state and church institutions, had also provided social support for their members; this responsibility shifted to the municipality. Guilds were replaced by associations and cooperatives, which meant the loss of the protection they had offered. Trade freedom was introduced, which, ten years after the economic crisis of 1873, was regulated through qualification certificates and master exams. The founding of the Commercial Academy and the Imperial-Royal State Trade School (k.k. Staatsgewerbeschule), today\u2019s HTL, also dates back to this economically liberal and dynamic era of the late monarchy. The first director of the State Trade School, Johann Deininger, was one of the co-founders of the Tyrolean Trade Association. In 1901, the Trade Promotion Institute (Gewerbef\u00f6rderungs-Institut), a predecessor of WIFI, was established to offer courses for craftsmen and the self-employed. Austria\u2019s system of economic promotion, adult education, and the chamber-based structure originated from these 19th-century developments.<\/p>\n
Since its founding, Innsbruck has been more of an administrative and university city than an industrial hub. Unlike cities in Upper Austria or Styria, Innsbruck still has hardly any major industrial enterprises. Trade, crafts, and tourism businesses are mostly small-scale. With the university, hospital, the Tyrolean government, and the city administration, Innsbruck\u2019s largest employer is the public sector. On a statewide level, however, industry remains the most important employer, ahead of tourism. The Chamber of Commerce, as the representative of the self-employed and entrepreneurs, plays a key role in Austrian politics. In addition to wage negotiations, its responsibilities include training, qualification exams, industry representation, and approvals.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=“M\u00e4rz 1848… und was er brachte“ open=“on“ open_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ open_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ closed_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ icon_color=“#e09900″ open_icon_color=“#e09900″ admin_label=“Das Jahr 1848 und seine Folgen“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ title_text_color=“#e09900″ title_font_size=“18px“ border_radii=“on|5px|5px|5px|5px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ global_module=“53607″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n
The year 1848 occupies a mythical place in European history. Although the hotspots were not to be found in secluded Tyrol, but in the major metropolises such as Paris, Vienna, Budapest, Milan and Berlin, even in the Holy Land<\/em> however, the revolutionary year left its mark. In contrast to the rural surroundings, an enlightened educated middle class had developed in Innsbruck. Enlightened people no longer wanted to be subjects of a monarch or sovereign, but citizens with rights and duties towards the state. Students and freelancers demanded political participation, freedom of the press and civil rights. Workers demanded better wages and working conditions. Radical liberals and nationalists in particular even questioned the omnipotence of the church.<\/p>\n In March 1848, this socially and politically highly explosive mixture erupted in riots in many European cities. In Innsbruck, students and professors celebrated the newly enacted freedom of the press with a torchlight procession. On the whole, however, the revolution proceeded calmly in the leisurely Tyrol. It would be foolhardy to speak of a spontaneous outburst of emotion; the date of the procession was postponed from 20 to 21 March due to bad weather. There were hardly any anti-Habsburg riots or attacks; a stray stone thrown into a Jesuit window was one of the highlights of the Alpine version of the 1848 revolution. The students even helped the city magistrate to monitor public order in order to show their gratitude to the monarch for the newly granted freedoms and their loyalty.<\/p>\n The initial enthusiasm for bourgeois revolution was quickly replaced by German nationalist, patriotic fervour in Innsbruck. On 6 April 1848, the German flag was waved by the governor of Tyrol during a ceremonial procession. A German flag was also raised on the city tower. Tricolour<\/em> was hoisted. While students, workers, liberal-nationalist-minded citizens, republicans, supporters of a constitutional monarchy and Catholic conservatives disagreed on social issues such as freedom of the press, they shared a dislike of the Italian independence movement that had spread from Piedmont and Milan to northern Italy. Innsbruck students and marksmen marched to Trentino with the support of the k.k. The Innsbruck students and riflemen moved into Trentino to nip the unrest and uprisings in the bud. Well-known members of this corps were Father Haspinger, who had already fought with Andreas Hofer in 1809, and Adolf Pichler. Johann Nepomuk Mahl-Schedl, wealthy owner of B\u00fcchsenhausen Castle, even equipped his own company with which he marched across the Brenner Pass to secure the border.<\/p>\n The city of Innsbruck, as the political and economic centre of the multinational crown land of Tyrol and home to many Italian speakers, also became the arena of this nationality conflict. Combined with copious amounts of alcohol, anti-Italian sentiment in Innsbruck posed more of a threat to public order than civil liberties. A quarrel between a German-speaking craftsman and an Italian-speaking Ladin got so heated that it almost led to a pogrom against the numerous businesses and restaurants owned by Italian-speaking Tyroleans.<\/p>\n The relative tranquillity of Innsbruck suited the imperial house, which was under pressure. When things did not stop boiling in Vienna even after March, Emperor Ferdinand fled to Tyrol in May. According to press reports from this time, he was received enthusiastically by the population.<\/p>\n „Wie hei\u00dft das Land, dem solche Ehre zu Theil wird, wer ist das Volk, das ein solches Vertrauen genie\u00dft in dieser verh\u00e4ngni\u00dfvollen Zeit? St\u00fctzt sich die Ruhe und Sicherheit hier blo\u00df auf die Sage aus alter Zeit, oder liegt auch in der Gegenwart ein Grund, auf dem man bauen kann, den der Wind nicht weg bl\u00e4st, und der Sturm nicht ersch\u00fcttert? Dieses Alipenland hei\u00dft Tirol, gef\u00e4llts dir wohl? Ja, das tirolische Volk allein bew\u00e4hrt in der Mitte des aufgew\u00fchlten Europa die Ehrfurcht und Treue, den Muth und die Kraft f\u00fcr sein angestammtes Regentenhaus, w\u00e4hrend ringsum Auflehnung, Widerspruch. Trotz und Forderung, h\u00e4ufig sogar Aufruhr und Umsturz toben; Tirol allein h\u00e4lt fest ohne Wanken an Sitte und Gehorsam, auf Religion, Wahrheit und Recht, w\u00e4hrend anderw\u00e4rts die Frechheit und L\u00fcge, der Wahnsinn und die Leidenschaften herrschen anstatt folgen wollen. Und w\u00e4hrend im gro\u00dfen Kaiserreiche sich die Bande \u00fcberall lockern, oder gar zu l\u00f6sen drohen; wo die Willk\u00fchr, von den Begierden getrieben, Gesetze umst\u00fcrzt, offenen Aufruhr predigt, t\u00e4glich mit neuen Forderungen losgeht; eigenm\u00e4chtig ephemere- wie das Wetter wechselnde Einrichtungen schafft; w\u00e4hrend Wien, die alte sonst so friedliche Kaiserstadt, sich von der erhitzten Phantasie der Jugend lenken und g\u00e4ngeln l\u00e4\u00dft, und die R\u00e4the des Reichs auf eine schm\u00e4hliche Weise behandelt, nach Laune beliebig, und mit jakobinischer Anma\u00dfung, \u00fcber alle Provinzen verf\u00fcgend, absetzt und anstellt, ja sogar ohne Ehrfurcht, den Kaiaer mit Sturm-Petitionen verfolgt; w\u00e4hrend jetzt von allen Seiten her Deputationen mit Ergebenheits-Addressen mit Bittgesuchen und Loyalit\u00e4tsversicherungen dem Kaiser nach Innsbruck folgen, steht Tirol ganz ruhig, gleich einer stillen Insel, mitten im brausenden Meeressturme, und des kleinen V\u00f6lkchens treue Brust bildet, wie seine Berge und Felsen, eine feste Mauer in Gesetz und Ordnung, f\u00fcr den Kaiser und das Vaterland.<\/em>„<\/p>\n In June, a young Franz Josef, not yet emperor at the time, also stayed at the Hofburg on his way back from the battlefields of northern Italy instead of travelling directly to Vienna. Innsbruck was once again the royal seat, if only for one summer. While blood was flowing in Vienna, Milan and Budapest, the imperial family enjoyed life in the Tyrolean countryside. Ferdinand, Franz Karl, his wife Sophie and Franz Josef received guests from foreign royal courts and were chauffeured in four-in-hand carriages to the region's excursion destinations such as Weiherburg Castle, Stefansbr\u00fccke Bridge, Kranebitten and high up to Heiligwasser. A little later, however, the cosy atmosphere came to an end. Under gentle pressure, Ferdinand, who was no longer considered fit for office, passed the torch of regency to Franz Josef I. In July 1848, the first parliamentary session was held in the Court Riding School in Vienna. The first constitution was enacted. However, the monarchy's desire for reform quickly waned. The new parliament was an imperial council, it could not pass any binding laws, the emperor never attended it during his lifetime and did not understand why the Danube Monarchy, as a divinely appointed monarchy, needed this council.<\/p>\n Nevertheless, the liberalisation that had been gently set in motion took its course in the cities. Innsbruck was given the status of a town with its own statute. Innsbruck's municipal law provided for a right of citizenship that was linked to ownership or the payment of taxes, but legally guaranteed certain rights to members of the community. Birthright citizenship could be acquired by birth, marriage or extraordinary conferment and at least gave male adults the right to vote at municipal level. If you got into financial difficulties, you had the right to basic support from the town.<\/p>\n Thanks to the census-based majority voting system, the Greater German liberal faction prevailed within the city government, in which merchants, tradesmen, industrialists and innkeepers set the tone. On 2 June 1848, the first edition of the liberal and Greater German-minded Innsbrucker Zeitung<\/em>from which the above article on the emperor's arrival in Innsbruck is taken. Conservatives, on the other hand, read the Volksblatt for Tyrol and Vorarlberg<\/em>. Moderate readers who favoured a constitutional monarchy preferred to consume the Bothen for Tyrol and Vorarlberg<\/em>. However, the freedom of the press soon came to an end. The previously abolished censorship was reintroduced in parts. Newspaper publishers had to undergo some harassment by the authorities. Newspapers were not allowed to write against the state government, monarchy or church.<\/p>\n \"Whoever by means of printed matter incites, instigates or endeavours to incite others to acts by which the violent separation of a part from the unified state... of the Empire of Austria is effected... or the general Austrian Imperial Diet or the provincial assemblies of the individual crown lands... is violently disturbed. Reichstag or the Diet of the individual Crown Lands... is violently disrupted... shall be punished with severe imprisonment of two to ten years.\"<\/em><\/p>\n After Innsbruck officially replaced Meran as the provincial capital in 1849 and thus finally became the political centre of Tyrol, political parties were formed. From 1868, the liberal and Greater German orientated party provided the mayor of the city of Innsbruck. The influence of the church declined in Innsbruck in contrast to the surrounding communities. Individualism, capitalism, nationalism and consumerism stepped into the breach. New worlds of work, department stores, theatres, caf\u00e9s and dance halls did not supplant religion in the city either, but the emphasis changed as a result of the civil liberties won in 1848.<\/p>\n Perhaps the most important change to the law was the Basic relief patent<\/em>. In Innsbruck, the clergy, above all Wilten Abbey, held a large proportion of the peasant land. The church and nobility were not subject to taxation. In 1848\/49, manorial rule and servitude were abolished in Austria. Land rents, tithes and roboters were thus abolished. The landlords received one third of the value of their land from the state as part of the land relief, one third was regarded as tax relief and the farmers had to pay one third of the relief themselves. They could pay off this amount in instalments over a period of twenty years.<\/p>\n The after-effects can still be felt today. The descendants of the then successful farmers enjoy the fruits of prosperity through inherited land ownership, which can be traced back to the land relief of 1848, as well as political influence through land sales for housing construction, leases and public sector redemptions for infrastructure projects. The land-owning nobles of the past had to resign themselves to the ignominy of pursuing middle-class labour. The transition from birthright to privileged status within society was often successful thanks to financial means, networks and education. Many of Innsbruck's academic dynasties began in the decades after 1848.<\/p>\n Das bis dato unbekannte Ph\u00e4nomen der Freizeit kam, wenn auch f\u00fcr den gr\u00f6\u00dften Teil nur sp\u00e4rlich, auf und beg\u00fcnstigte gemeinsam mit frei verf\u00fcgbarem Einkommen einer gr\u00f6\u00dferen Anzahl an Menschen Hobbies. Zivile Organisationen und Vereine, vom Lesezirkel \u00fcber S\u00e4ngerb\u00fcnde, Feuerwehren und Sportvereine, gr\u00fcndeten sich. Auch im Stadtbild manifestierte sich das Revolutionsjahr. Parks wie der Englische Garten beim Schloss Ambras oder der Hofgarten waren nicht mehr exklusiv der Aristokratie vorbehalten, sondern dienten den B\u00fcrgern als Naherholungsgebiete vom beengten Dasein. In St. Nikolaus entstand der Waltherpark<\/em> als kleine Ruheoase. Einen Stock h\u00f6her er\u00f6ffnete im Schloss B\u00fcchsenhausen Tirols erste Schwimm- und Badeanstalt, wenig sp\u00e4ter folgte ein weiteres Bad in Dreiheiligen. Ausflugsgasth\u00f6fe rund um Innsbruck florierten. Neben den gehobenen Restaurants und Hotels entstand eine Szene aus Gastwirtschaften, in denen sich auch Arbeiter und Angestellte gem\u00fctliche Abende bei Theater, Musik und Tanz leisten konnten.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Innsbruck's Industrial Revolutions\" open_toggle_text_color=\"#e09900\u2033 open_toggle_background_color=\"#ffffff\" closed_toggle_text_color=\"#e09900\u2033 closed_toggle_background_color=\"#ffffffff\" icon_color=\"#e09900\u2033 open_icon_color=\"#e09900\u2033 admin_label=\"Innsbruck's Industrial Revolutions\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\u2033 _module_preset=\"default\" title_text_color=\"#e09900\u2033 title_font_size=\"18px\" border_radii=\"on|5px|5px|5px|5px\" box_shadow_style=\"preset1\u2033 global_module=\"58380\u2033 saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\n Im 15. Jahrhundert begann sich in Innsbruck eine erste fr\u00fche Form der Industrialisierung zu entwickeln. Die Metallverarbeitung florierte unter der aufsteigenden Bauwirtschaft in der boomenden Residenzstadt und der Herstellung von Waffen und R\u00fcstungen. Viele Faktoren trafen daf\u00fcr zusammen. Die verkehrsg\u00fcnstige Lage der Stadt, die Verf\u00fcgbarkeit von Wasserkraft, Innsbrucks politischer Aufstieg, das Knowhow der Handwerker und die Verf\u00fcgbarkeit von Kapital unter Maximilian erm\u00f6glichten den Aufbau von Infrastruktur. Glocken- und Waffengie\u00dfer wie die L\u00f6fflers errichteten in H\u00f6tting, M\u00fchlau und Dreiheiligen Betriebe, die zu den f\u00fchrenden Werken Europas ihrer Zeit geh\u00f6rten. Entlang des Sillkanals nutzten M\u00fchlen und Betriebe die Wasserkraft zur Energiegewinnung. Pulverstampfer und Silberschmelzen hatten sich in der Silbergasse, der heutigen Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe, angesiedelt. In der heutigen Adamgasse gab es eine Munitionsfabrik, die 1636 explodierte.<\/p>\n Metalworking also boosted other sectors of the economy. At the beginning of the 17th century, there were 270 businesses in Innsbruck, employing master craftsmen, journeymen and apprentices. Although the majority of Innsbruckers were still employed in administration, trade, crafts and the money that could be earned from them attracted a new class of people. There was a reshuffling within the city. Citizens and businesses were pushed out of the new town by the civil service and the nobility. Most of the baroque palazzi that adorn Maria-Theresienstra\u00dfe today were built in the 17th century, while Dreiheiligen and St. Nikolaus became Innsbruck's industrial and working-class districts. In addition to the metalworking industry around Silbergasse, tanners, carpenters, wainwrights, master builders, stonemasons and other craftsmen of early industrialisation also settled here.<\/p>\n Industry not only changed the rules of the social game with the influx of new workers and their families, it also had an impact on the appearance of Innsbruck. Unlike the farmers, the labourers were not the subjects of any master. Although entrepreneurs were not of noble blood, they often had more capital at their disposal than the aristocracy. The old hierarchies still existed, but were beginning to become at least somewhat fragile. The new citizens brought with them new fashions and dressed differently. Capital from outside came into the city. Houses and churches were built for the newly arrived subjects. The large workshops changed the smell and sound of the city. The smelting works were loud, the smoke from the furnaces polluted the air. Innsbruck had gone from being a small settlement on the Inn bridge to a proto-industrial town.<\/p>\n Growth was slowed for several decades at the end of the 18th century by the Napoleonic Wars. The second wave of industrialisation came late in Innsbruck compared to other European regions. One reason for this was the late establishment of a functioning banking system in the city. Catholics still regarded bankers as \u201eusurers and borrower\u201c and doing business with money was considered indecent. Without financing, however, even large enterprises could not be founded. In 1715, the Tyrolean provincial government had issued the so-called Banko<\/em> gegr\u00fcndet und in der Herzog-Friedrich-Stra\u00dfe gab es die Privatbank Bederunger, erst mit der Gr\u00fcndung der ersten Filiale der Sparkasse wurde es m\u00f6glich, sein Geld nicht mehr unter dem Kopfpolster zu verwahren. Nach 1850 begann man Kredite zu vergeben, was die Gr\u00fcndung heimischer gr\u00f6\u00dferer Betriebe erm\u00f6glichte. Das Small craft<\/em>The town's former craft businesses, which were organised in guilds, came under pressure from the achievements of modern goods production. In St. Nikolaus, Wilten, M\u00fchlau and Pradl, modern factories were built along the M\u00fchlbach stream and the Sill Canal. Many innovative company founders came from outside Innsbruck. Peter Walde, who moved to Innsbruck from Lusatia, founded his company in 1777 in what is now Innstrasse 23, producing products made from fat, such as tallow candles and soaps. Eight generations later, Walde is still one of the oldest family businesses in Austria. Today you can buy the result of centuries of tradition in soap and candle form in the listed main building with its Gothic vaults. Franz Josef Adam came from the Vinschgau Valley to found the city's largest brewery to date in a former aristocratic residence. In 1838, the spinning machine arrived via the Dornbirn company Herrburger & Rhomberg <\/em>over the Arlberg to Pradl. H&R<\/em> had acquired a plot of land on the Sillgr\u00fcnde. Thanks to the river's water power, the site was ideal for the heavy machinery used in the textile industry. In addition to the traditional sheep's wool, cotton was now also processed.\u00a0<\/p>\n Just like 400 years earlier, the Second Industrial Revolution changed the city and the everyday lives of its inhabitants forever. Neighbourhoods such as M\u00fchlau, Pradl and Wilten grew rapidly. The factories were often located in the centre of residential areas. Over 20 businesses were still using the Sill Canal around 1900. The Haidm\u00fchle<\/em> The power plant in Salurnerstra\u00dfe existed from 1315 to 1907 and supplied a textile factory in Dreiheiligenstra\u00dfe with energy from the Sill Canal. The noise and exhaust fumes from the engines were hell for the neighbours, as a newspaper article from 1912 shows:<\/p>\n \u201eEntr\u00fcstung ruft bei den Bewohnern des n\u00e4chst dem Hauptbahnhofe gelegenen Stadtteiles der seit einiger Zeit in der hibler\u00b4schen Feigenkaffeefabrik aufgestellte Explosionsmotor hervor. Der L\u00e4rm, welchen diese Maschine fast den ganzen Tag ununterbrochen verbreitet, st\u00f6rt die ganz Umgebung in der empfindlichsten Weise und mu\u00df die umliegenden Wohnungen entwerten. In den am Bahnhofplatze liegenden Hotels sind die fr\u00fcher so gesuchten und beliebten Gartenzimmer kaum mehr zu vermieten. Noch schlimmer als der ruhest\u00f6rende L\u00e4rm aber ist der Qualm und Gestank der neuen Maschine\u2026\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n Aristokraten, die sich zu lange auf ihrem Geburtsverdienst auf der faulen Haut ausruhten, w\u00e4hrend sich die wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Spielregeln \u00e4nderten, mussten ihre Anwesen an den neuen Geldadel verkaufen. Im Palais Sarnthein<\/em> gegen\u00fcber der Triumphpforte, 1689 von Johann Anton Gumpp f\u00fcr David Graf Sarnthein noch als barocker Ansitz geplant, zog die Waffenfabrik und das Gesch\u00e4ft von Johann Peterlongo ein. Geschickte Mitglieder des Adelsstandes nutzten ihre Voraussetzungen und investierten Familienbesitz und Ertr\u00e4ge aus der b\u00e4uerlichen Grundentlastung von 1848 in Industrie und Wirtschaft. Der steigende Arbeitskr\u00e4ftebedarf wurde von ehemaligen Knechten und Landwirten ohne Land gedeckt. W\u00e4hrend sich die neue verm\u00f6gende Unternehmerklasse Villen in Wilten, Pradl und dem Saggen bauen lie\u00df und mittlere Angestellte in Wohnh\u00e4usern in denselben Vierteln wohnten, waren die Arbeiter in Arbeiterwohnheimen und Massenunterk\u00fcnften untergebracht. Die einen sorgten in Betrieben wie dem Gaswerk, dem Steinbruch oder in einer der Fabriken f\u00fcr den Wohlstand, w\u00e4hrend ihn die anderen konsumierten. Schichten von 12 Stunden in engen, lauten und ru\u00dfigen Bedingungen forderten den Arbeitern alles ab. Zu einem Verbot der Kinderarbeit kam es erst ab den 1840er Jahren. Frauen verdienten nur einen Bruchteil dessen, was M\u00e4nner bekamen. Die Arbeiter wohnten oft in von ihren Arbeitgebern errichteten Mietskasernen und waren ihnen mangels eines Arbeitsrechtes auf Gedeih und Verderb ausgeliefert. Es gab weder Sozial- noch Arbeitslosenversicherungen. Wer nicht arbeiten konnte, war auf die Wohlfahrtseinrichtungen seines Heimatortes angewiesen. Angemerkt sei, dass sich dieser f\u00fcr uns furchterregende Alltag der Arbeiter nicht von den Arbeitsbedingungen in den D\u00f6rfern unterschied, sondern sich daraus entwickelte. Auch in der Landwirtschaft waren Kinderarbeit, Ungleichheit und prek\u00e4re Arbeitsverh\u00e4ltnisse die Regel.<\/p>\n However, industrialisation did not only affect everyday material life. Innsbruck experienced the kind of gentrification that can be observed today in trendy urban neighbourhoods such as Prenzlauer Berg in Berlin. The change from the rural life of the village to the city involved more than just a change of location. In one of his texts, the Innsbruck writer Josef Leitgeb tells us how people experienced the urbanisation of what was once a rural area:\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201e\u2026viel fremdes, billig gekleidetes Volk, in wachsenden Wohnblocks zusammengedr\u00e4ngt, morgens, mittags und abends die Stra\u00dfen f\u00fcllend, wenn es zur Arbeit ging oder von ihr kam, aus Werkst\u00e4tten, L\u00e4den, Fabriken, vom Bahndienst, die Gesichter oft bla\u00df und vorzeitig alternd, in Haltung, Sprache und Kleidung nichts Pers\u00f6nliches mehr, sondern ein Allgemeines, massenhaft Wiederholtes und Wiederholbares: st\u00e4dtischer Arbeitsmensch. Bahnhof und Gaswerk erschienen als Kern dieser neuen, uns\u00e4glich fremden Landschaft.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n For many Innsbruck residents, the revolutionary year of 1848 and the new economic circumstances led to bourgeoisie. There were always stories of people who rose through the ranks with hard work, luck, talent and a little financial start-up aid. Well-known Innsbruck examples outside the hotel and catering industry that still exist today are the Tyrolean stained glass business, the H\u00f6rtnagl grocery store and the Walde soap factory. Successful entrepreneurs took over the former role of the aristocratic landlords. Together with the numerous academics, they formed a new class that also gained more and more political influence. Beda Weber wrote in 1851: \u201eTheir social circles are without constraint, there is already a clear metropolitan flavour that is not so easy to find elsewhere in Tyrol.\"\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n The workers also became bourgeois. While the landlord in the countryside was still master of the private lives of his farmhands and maidservants and was able to determine their lifestyle up to and including sexuality via the release for marriage, the labourers were now at least somewhat freer individually. They were poorly paid, but at least they now received their own wages instead of board and lodging and were able to organise their private affairs for themselves without the landlord's guardianship.\u00a0<\/p>\n The downside of this newfound self-determination was particularly evident in the first decades of industrialisation. There was hardly any state infrastructure for health and family care. Health care, pensions, old people's homes and kindergartens had not yet been invented, and in many cases the extended farming family had taken over these tasks until then. In the working-class neighbourhoods, unsupervised children romped around during the day: the youngest children, who were not yet subject to compulsory schooling, were particularly affected. In 1834, following an appeal by the Tyrolean provincial governor, a women's association was founded, which Child detention centres<\/em> in the working-class neighbourhoods of St. Nikolaus, Dreiheiligen and Angerzell, now Museumstra\u00dfe. The aim was not only to keep the children off the streets and provide them with clothing and food, but also to teach them manners, proper expression and virtuous behaviour. With a strict hand for \"cleanliness, order and obedience\", the wardens ensured that the children received at least a minimum level of care. The former Preservation centre<\/em> in Paul-Hofhaimer-Gasse behind the Ferdinandeum still exists today. The classicist building now houses the Caritas integration kindergarten and a company kindergarten run by the state of Tyrol.\u00a0<\/p>\n Innsbruck is not a traditional working-class city. Nevertheless, Tyrol never saw the formation of a significant labour movement as in Vienna. Innsbruck has always been predominantly a commercial and university city. Although there were social democrats and a handful of communists, the number of workers was always too small to really make a difference. May Day marches are only attended by the majority of people for cheap schnitzel and free beer. There are hardly any other memorials to industrialisation and the achievements of the working class. In St.-Nikolaus-Gasse and in many tenement houses in Wilten and Pradl, a few houses have been preserved that give an impression of the everyday life of Innsbruck's working class.\u00a0<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=“Die Success Story der Innsbrucker Glasmaler“ open_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ open_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ closed_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ icon_color=“#e09900″ open_icon_color=“#e09900″ admin_label=“Die Success Story der Innsbrucker Glasmaler“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ title_text_color=“#e09900″ title_font_size=“18px“ border_radii=“on|5px|5px|5px|5px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ global_module=“64114″ saved_tabs=“all“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n In the pre-war period, the United States of America was regarded as the Land of unlimited possibilities<\/em>where dishwashers became millionaires. However, these success stories are not an exclusive phenomenon of the New World. Even in the society of the Danube Monarchy, which was not yet regulated down to the last detail, hard-working and capable people from the farming classes, the working classes or craftsmen were able to achieve astonishing success without formal training, qualification examinations or state authorisation. The three founders of the Tyrolean Glass Painting and Mosaic Institute<\/em>, Josef von Stadl, Georg Mader and Albert Neuhauser, are examples of such a success story from Innsbruck's city history. While most of Innsbruck's industrial and craft businesses focussed on supplying the local market with tried and tested, solid products and consumer goods, the glass painting business was one of the few innovative and export-oriented companies of its time.<\/p>\n Josef von Stadl (1828 - 1893) grew up on his parents' farm and inn in Steinach am Brenner. Even as a child, he had to help out on the farm. The hard labour gave him periostitis in his arm at the age of nine. This made heavy physical labour impossible for him. Instead, the boy with a talent for drawing attended the model secondary school in Innsbruck, now the BORG. In 1848, he joined the Tyrolean snipers in his home town, but was not called up to fight on the country's borders. He then gained experience as a locksmith and turner. The talented young man worked on the reconstruction of the church in Steinach in 1853 after a village band. His skills were soon recognised and he gradually rose from labourer to master builder.<\/p>\n Georg Mader (1824 - 1881) also came from Steinach. He too had to work as a farm labourer at a young age. On the patronage of his brother, a clergyman, the pious youth was able to complete an apprenticeship with a painter, but had to give up his passion to work in the local mill. After his journeyman's journey, he decided to concentrate on painting. In Munich, he deepened his knowledge under Kaulbach and Schraudolph. After working on the cathedral in Speyer, he returned to Tyrol. As a history painter, he kept his head above water with commissions from the church.<\/p>\n Albert Neuhauser (1832 - 1901) learnt his trade in his father's glazier's and tinsmith's shop. He also had to give up his intended career path at an early age. He developed lung problems at the age of ten. Instead of working in his father's successful business, he travelled to Venice. For centuries, Murano had been home to the best glassworks for artistic glass production. Fascinated by this trade, he attended the stained glass school in Munich against his father's wishes. The products of the recently founded Bavarian factory did not meet his quality expectations. In his father's flat in Herzog-Friedrich-Stra\u00dfe, he undertook his first experiments with glass, similar to the nerds who would lay the foundations for the personal computer in their own garage a hundred years later.<\/p>\n Neuhauser's tinkering and experiments aroused the curiosity of his friend von Stadl. He made contact with the art-loving Mader. In 1861, the three decided to pool their expertise in an official company. Today, the founding of the company would probably be referred to as a start-up. Neuhauser took on the technical and commercial side as well as product development, Von Stadl took care of the decorative aspects and liaised with master builders and Mader took on the figurative design of the works, most of which were created for churches. The first branch, consisting of two painters and a burner, was set up on the third floor of the Gasthof zur Rose in the historic city centre. The raw material came from England, as the local glass did not meet Neuhauser's high quality standards. However, 25% duty was added to the import. Together with a chemistry teacher, Neuhauser managed to achieve the desired requirements himself after a trip to Birmingham and a lot of tinkering.<\/p>\n Josef von Stadl married the painter and doctor's daughter Maria Pfefferer in 1867. The farmer's boy from the Wipptal valley with the broken arm had not only become a member of the upper middle class, his wife's dowry also allowed him to live independently financially. In 1869, the three partners decided to expand the successful glass painting business with the financial support of Neuhauser's father. How dynamic and unregulated it was as a Wilhelminian style<\/em> The example of the glassworks on the Wiltener Felder, which was opened in 1872 as an additional part of the Tyrolean Stained glass<\/em> went into operation. Only 110 days after the start of construction, which was never officially authorised by the Wilten municipal administration, production began.<\/p>\n Starting with Neuhauser, who had to leave the company in 1874 due to health problems, the three company founders soon left their start-up to others, but remained partners in the Tyrolean stained glass company. In addition to their activities for the joint company, each of the three partners worked successfully on their own projects in their respective fields of activity.<\/p>\n Von Stadl had a lasting impact on Innsbruck. In its heyday, the number of employees at the stained glass factory had risen to over 70. In 1878, residential buildings for the company's employees, workers, artists and craftsmen were built according to von Stadl's plans. The Stained glass settlement<\/em> umfasste die bis heute bestehenden H\u00e4user in der M\u00fcllerstra\u00dfe 39 \u2013 57, Sch\u00f6pfstra\u00dfe 18 – 24 und Speckbacherstra\u00dfe 14 \u2013 16. Sie unterscheiden sich in ihrer Architektur markant von den umliegenden H\u00e4usern der sp\u00e4ten Gr\u00fcnderzeit. Von Stadl war sparsamer mit dem Schmuck der H\u00e4user, daf\u00fcr aber auf einen kleinen Vorgarten bedacht. Arbeiter und Angestellte, die diese H\u00e4user bewohnten, sollten das Gef\u00fchl haben, den Bewohnern der Villen im Cottagestil im Saggen in keiner Hinsicht unterlegen zu sein. Es war nicht ungew\u00f6hnlich f\u00fcr gro\u00dfe Unternehmen dieser Zeit eigene Siedlungen zu planen, man denke an die Siemensstadt in Berlin, es zeigt aber das Selbstverst\u00e4ndnis und eine Vision in die Zukunft, wenn ein Betrieb wie die Glasmalerei sich gegen\u00fcber seinen Mitarbeitern nicht nur als Arbeit- und Lohngeber, sondern auch als Unterkunftsf\u00fcrsorger versteht. Die Landesgeb\u00e4rklinik in Wilten war ein weiteres Gro\u00dfprojekt in Innsbruck, das unter von Stadls Feder entstand. Nach Bau des Vinzentinums 1878 wurde er zum Ehrenb\u00fcrger und Di\u00f6zesan-Architekten von Brixen ernannt. Von Papst Leo XIII. wurde ihm f\u00fcr seine Verdienste der St. Gregor Orden verliehen. Die St. Nikolauskirche, f\u00fcr die die Tiroler Glasmalerei die Fenster hergestellt hatte, wurde zu seiner letzten Ruhest\u00e4tte.<\/p>\n Georg Mader continued to work as a painter on sacred buildings. He became a member of the Vienna Academy of Art as early as 1868. When he suffered a stroke in 1881, he was taken to Badgastein for rehabilitation. The spa town in Salzburg was a meeting place for the European aristocracy and upper middle classes at the time. In the midst of high society, the former journeyman miller died a wealthy man.<\/p>\n The restless and creative Neuhauser travelled to Venice again after resigning from his post as director of the Tyrolean stained glass workshop in order to found Austria's first mosaic studio with new inspiration. The merger of the two companies in 1900 opened up a wider range of opportunities. He was awarded the Order of Franz Joseph for his artistic merits. Neuhauserstra\u00dfe in Wilten was named after him.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Meinhardstra\u00dfe 12<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61,156,15,114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-das-jahr-1848-und-die-industrialisierung","category-die-success-story-der-innsbrucker-glasmaler","category-innenstadt-2","category-innsbrucks-industrielle-revolutionen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53719"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53719\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.discover-innsbruck.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}