[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\u2033 specialty=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.24.3\u2033 _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\u2033 specialty_columns=\"2\u2033 _builder_version=\"4.16\u2033 custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=\"4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\"1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\"4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Title\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\u2033 text_text_color=\"#000000\u2033 header_font=\"|on|||\" header_text_align=\"centre\" header_text_color=\"#e09900\u2033 header_font_size=\"42px\" header_line_height=\"1.3em\" header_2_text_color=\"#e09900\u2033 background_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.8)\" background_layout=\"dark\" custom_padding=\"20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true\" header_font_size_last_edited=\"off|desktop\" border_radii=\"on|10px|10px|10px|10px\" box_shadow_style=\"preset1\u2033 locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=“66906,66905,66904″ fullwidth=“on“ admin_label=“Galerie Bischof Rusch Z6″ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ pagination_text_color=“#E09900″ border_radii=“on|5px|5px|5px|5px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ global_module=“66920″ saved_tabs=“all“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_toggle title=“Der Rote Bischof und der Innsbrucker Sittenverfall“ open=“on“ open_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ open_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ closed_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ icon_color=“#e09900″ open_icon_color=“#e09900″ admin_label=“Der Rote Bischof und der Innsbrucker Sittenverfall“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ title_text_color=“#e09900″ title_font_size=“18px“ hover_enabled=“0″ border_radii=“on|5px|5px|5px|5px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ global_module=“62113″ saved_tabs=“all“ global_colors_info=“{}“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n
In the 1950s, Innsbruck began to recover from the crisis and war years of the first half of the 20th century. On 15 May 1955, Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl declared with the famous words \"Austria is free<\/em>\" and the signing of the State Treaty officially marked the political turning point. In many households, the \"political turnaround\" became established in the years known as Economic miracle<\/em> moderate prosperity. Between 1953 and 1962, annual economic growth of over 6% allowed an increasing proportion of the population to dream of things that had long been exotic, such as refrigerators, their own bathroom or even a holiday in the south. This period brought not only material but also social change. People's desires became more outlandish with increasing prosperity and the lifestyle conveyed in advertising and the media. The phenomenon of a new youth culture began to spread gently amidst the grey society of small post-war Austria. The terms Teenager<\/em> and latchkey child entered the Austrian language in the 1950s.<\/p>\n Films brought the big world to Innsbruck. Cinema screenings and cinemas already existed in Innsbruck at the turn of the century, but in the post-war period the programme was adapted to a young audience for the first time. Hardly anyone had a television set in their living room and the programme was meagre. The Chamber light theatre<\/em> in Wilhelm-Greilstra\u00dfe, the Laurin cinema<\/em> in the Gumppstra\u00dfe, the Central cinema<\/em> in Maria-Theresienstra\u00dfe, which L\u00f6wen-Lichtspiele<\/em> in the H\u00f6ttingergasse and the Leocinema<\/em> des Katholischen Arbeitervereins in der Anichstra\u00dfe warben mit skandaltr\u00e4chtigen Filmen um die Gunst des Publikums. Ab 1956 erschien die Zeitschrift BRAVO<\/em>. For the first time, there was a medium that was orientated towards the interests of young people. The first issue featured Marylin Monroe, with the question: \u201eMarylin's curves also got married<\/em>?\u201c The big stars of the early years were James Dean and Peter Kraus, before the Beatles took over in the 60s. After the Summer of Love<\/em> kl\u00e4rte Dr. Sommer \u00fcber Liebe und Sex auf. Die allm\u00e4chtige Deutungshoheit der Kirche \u00fcber das moralische Verhalten Pubertierender begann zu br\u00f6ckeln, wenn auch nur langsam. Die erste Foto-Love-Story mit nacktem Busen folgte erst 1982.<\/p>\n Bars, discos, nightclubs, pubs and event venues gradually opened in Innsbruck. Events such as the 5 o'clock tea dance<\/em> at the Sporthotel Igls attracted young people looking for a mate. Establishments such as the Falconry cellar<\/em> in the Gilmstra\u00dfe, the Uptown Jazzsalon<\/em> in H\u00f6tting, the Clima Club<\/em> in Saggen, the Scotch Club<\/em> in the Angerzellgasse and the Tangent<\/em> in Bruneckerstra\u00dfe had nothing in common with the traditional Tyrolean beer and wine bar. The performances by the Rolling Stones and Deep Purple in the Olympic Hall in 1973 were the high point of Innsbruck's spring awakening for the time being. Innsbruck may not have become London or San Francisco, but it had at least breathed a breath of rock'n'roll.<\/p>\n However, the vast majority of the social life of the city's young people did not take place in disreputable dives, but in the orderly channels of Catholic youth organisations. What is still anchored in cultural memory today as the '68 movement took place in the Holy Land<\/em> hardly took place. Neither workers nor students took to the barricades in droves. The historian Fritz Keller described the \u201e68 movement in Austria as \"Mail fan<\/em>\u201c. Der allergr\u00f6\u00dfte Teil der Studenten entstammte der Oberschicht und hatte die Matura in einem katholisch orientierten Gymnasium absolviert. Zwar gab es in den 1970er Jahren einzelne Gruppen wie die Communist Group Innsbruck<\/em> or the Committee for Solidarity with Vietnam<\/em>but there was no mass movement. Beethoven's wisdom that \"As long as the Austrians still have brown beer and sausages, they won't revolt<\/em>,\" was true.<\/p>\n Trotzdem war die Gesellschaft still und heimlich im Wandel. Ein Blick in die Jahreshitparaden gibt einen Hinweis darauf. Waren es 1964 noch Kaplan Alfred Flury und Freddy mit \u201eLeave the little things<\/em>\u201c and \u201eGive me your word<\/em>\" and the Beatles with their German version of \"Come, give me your hand<\/em> who dominated the Top 10, musical tastes changed in the years leading up to the 1970s. Peter Alexander and Mireille Mathieu were still to be found in the charts. From 1967, however, it was international bands with foreign-language lyrics such as The Rolling Stones, Tom Jones, The Monkees<\/em>, Scott McKenzie, Adriano Celentano or Simon and Garfunkel, who occupied the top positions in great density with partly socially critical lyrics.<\/p>\n Die Speerspitze der konservativen Konterrevolution war der Innsbrucker Bischof Paulus Rusch. Zigaretten, Alkohol, allzu freiz\u00fcgige Mode, Auslandsurlaube, arbeitende Frauen, Nachtlokale, vorehelicher Geschlechtsverkehr, die 40-Stundenwoche, sonnt\u00e4gliche Sportveranstaltungen, Tanzabende, gemischte Geschlechter in Schule und Freizeit \u2013 das alles war dem strengen Kirchenmann und Anh\u00e4nger des Herz-Jesu-Kultes streng zuwider. Peter Paul Rusch war 1903 in M\u00fcnchen zur Welt gekommen und in Vorarlberg als j\u00fcngstes von drei Kindern in einem gutb\u00fcrgerlichen Haushalt aufgewachsen. Beide Elternteile und seine \u00e4ltere Schwester starben an Tuberkulose, bevor er die Vollj\u00e4hrigkeit erreicht hatte. Rusch musste im jugendlichen Alter von 17 in der kargen Nachkriegszeit fr\u00fch f\u00fcr sich selbst sorgen. Die Inflation hatte das v\u00e4terliche Erbe, das ihm ein Studium h\u00e4tte finanzieren k\u00f6nnen, im Nu aufgefressen. Rusch arbeitete sechs Jahre lange bei der Bank for Tyrol and Vorarlberg<\/em>in order to finance his theological studies. He entered the Collegium Canisianum in 1927 and was ordained a priest of the Jesuit order six years later. His stellar career took the intelligent young man first to Lech and Hohenems as chaplain and then back to Innsbruck as head of the seminary. Here he became titular bishop of Lykopolis in 1938, Innsbruck only becoming its own diocese in 1964, and Apostolic Administrator for Tyrol and Vorarlberg. As the youngest bishop in Europe, he had to survive the harassment of the church by the National Socialist rulers. Although his critical attitude towards National Socialism was well known, Rusch himself was never imprisoned. Those in power were too afraid of turning the popular young bishop into a martyr.<\/p>\n After the war, the socially and politically committed bishop was at the forefront of reconstruction efforts. He wanted the church to have more influence on people's everyday lives again. His father had worked his way up from carpenter to architect and probably gave him a soft spot for the building industry. He also had his own experience at BTV. Thanks to his training as a banker, Rusch recognised the opportunities for the church to get involved and make a name for itself as a helper in times of need. It was not only the churches that had been damaged in the war that were rebuilt. The Catholic Youth<\/em> under Rusch's leadership, was involved free of charge in the construction of the Heiligjahrsiedlung<\/em> in the H\u00f6ttinger Au. The diocese bought a building plot from the Ursuline order for this purpose. The loans for the settlers were advanced interest-free by the church. Decades later, his rustic approach to the housing issue would earn him the title of \"Red Bishop\"<\/em> to the new home. In the modest little houses with self-catering gardens, in line with the ideas of the dogmatic and frugal \"working-class bishop\", 41 families, preferably with many children, found a new home.<\/p>\n By alleviating the housing shortage, the greatest threats in the Cold War<\/em>Communism and socialism, from his community. The atheism prescribed by communism and the consumer-orientated capitalism that had swept into Western Europe from the USA after the war were anathema to him. In 1953, Rusch's book \"Young worker, where to?\".<\/em> What sounds like revolutionary, left-wing reading from the Kremlin showed the principles of Christian social teaching, which castigated both capitalism and socialism. Families should live modestly in order to live in Christian harmony with the moderate financial means of a single father. Entrepreneurs, employees and workers were to form a peaceful unity. Co-operation instead of class warfare, the basis of today's social partnership. To each his own place in a Christian sense, a kind of modern feudal system that was already planned for use in Dollfu\u00df's corporative state. He shared his political views with Governor Eduard Walln\u00f6fer and Mayor Alois Lugger, who, together with the bishop, organised the Holy Trinity<\/em> of conservative Tyrol at the time of the economic miracle. Rusch combined this with a latent Catholic anti-Semitism that was still widespread in Tyrol after 1945 and which, thanks to aberrations such as the veneration of the Anderle von Rinn <\/em>has long been a tradition.<\/p>\n Education and training were of particular concern to the pugnacious Jesuit. The social formation across all classes by the soldiers of Christ could look back on a long tradition in Innsbruck. In 1909, the Jesuit priest and former prison chaplain Alois Mathiowitz (1853 - 1922) founded the Peter-Mayr-Bund<\/em>. His approach was to put young people on the right path through leisure activities and sport and adults from working-class backgrounds through lectures and popular education. The workers' youth centre in Reichenauerstra\u00dfe, which was built under his aegis, still serves as a youth centre and kindergarten today. Rusch also had experience with young people. In 1936, he was elected regional field master of the scouts in Vorarlberg. Despite a speech impediment, he was a charismatic guy and extremely popular with his young colleagues and teenagers. In his opinion, only a sound education under the wing of the church according to the Christian model could save the salvation of young people. In order to give young people a perspective and steer them in an orderly direction with a home and family, the Youth building society savings<\/em> strengthened. In the parishes, kindergartens, youth centres and educational institutions such as the House of encounter<\/em> am Rennweg in order to have education in the hands of the church from the very beginning.<\/p>\n Neben dem ultrakonservativen Bischof Rusch wuchs eine Generation liberaler Kleriker heran, die sich in die Jugendarbeit einbrachten. In den 1960er und 70er Jahren agierten in Innsbruck zwei kirchliche Jugendbewegungen mit gro\u00dfem Einfluss. Verantwortlich daf\u00fcr waren Sigmund Kripp und Meinrad Schumacher, die mit neuen Ans\u00e4tzen in der P\u00e4dagogik und einem offeneren Umgang mit heiklen Themen wie Sexualit\u00e4t und Rauschmitteln Teenager und junge Erwachsene f\u00fcr sich gewinnen konnten. F\u00fcr die Erziehung der Eliten im Sinne des Jesuitenordens sorgte in Innsbruck seit 1578 die Marian Congregation<\/em>. This youth organisation, still known today as the MK, took care of secondary school pupils. The MK had a strict hierarchical structure in order to give the young Soldaten Christi<\/em> obedience from the very beginning. In 1959, Father Sigmund Kripp took over the leadership of the organisation. Under his leadership, the young people, with financial support from the church, state and parents and with a great deal of personal effort, set up projects such as the Mittergrath\u00fctte<\/em> including its own material cable car in K\u00fchtai and the legendary youth centre Kennedy House<\/em> in the Sillgasse. Chancellor Klaus and members of the American embassy were present at the laying of the foundation stone for this youth centre, which was to become the largest of its kind in Europe with almost 1,500 members, as the building was dedicated to the first Catholic president of the USA, who had only recently been assassinated.<\/p>\n The other church youth organisation in Innsbruck was Z6. The city's youth chaplain, Chaplain Meinrad Schumacher, took care of the youth organisation as part of the Action 4-5-6<\/em> to all young people who are in the MK or the Catholic Student Union<\/em> had no place. Working-class children and apprentices met in various youth centres such as Pradl or Reichenau before the new centre, also built by the members themselves, was opened at Zollerstra\u00dfe 6 in 1971. Josef Windischer took over the management of the centre. The Z6 already had more to do with what Dennis Hopper and Peter Fonda were doing on the big screen on their motorbikes in Easy Rider<\/em> was shown. Things were rougher here than in the MK. Rock gangs like the Santanas, petty criminals and drug addicts also spent their free time in Z6. While Schumacher reeled off his programme upstairs with the \"good\" youngsters, Windischer and the Outsiders<\/em> the basement to help the lost sheep as much as possible.<\/p>\n At the end of the 1960s, both the MK and the Z6 decided to open up to non-members. Girls' and boys' groups were partially merged and non-members were also admitted. Although the two youth centres had different target groups, the concept was the same. Theological knowledge and Christian morals were taught in a playful, age-appropriate environment. Sections such as chess, football, hockey, basketball, music, cinema films and a party room catered to the young people's needs for games, sport and the removal of taboos surrounding their first sexual experiences. The youth centres offered a space where young people of both sexes could meet. However, the MK in particular remained an institution that had nothing to do with the wild life of the '68ers, as it is often portrayed in films. For example, dance courses did not take place during Advent, carnival or on Saturdays, and for under-17s they were forbidden.<\/p>\n Nevertheless, the youth centres went too far for Bishop Rusch. The critical articles in the MK newspaper We discuss<\/em> found less and less favour. After years of disputes between the bishop and the youth centre, it came to a showdown in 1973. When Father Kripp published his book Farewell to tomorrow<\/em> in which he reported on his pedagogical concept and the work in the MK, there were non-public proceedings within the diocese and the Jesuit order against the director of the youth centre. Despite massive protests from parents and members, Kripp was removed. Neither the intervention within the church by the eminent theologian Karl Rahner, nor a petition launched by the artist Paul Flora, nor regional and national outrage in the press could save the overly liberal priest from the wrath of Rusch, who even secured the papal blessing from Rome for his removal from office. In July 1974, the Z6 was also temporarily closed. Rusch had the keys to the youth centre exchanged without further ado, a method he also used at the Catholic Student Union <\/em>when it got too close to a left-wing action group. The Tiroler Tageszeitung noted this in a small article on 1 August 1974:<\/p>\n \"In recent weeks, there had been profound disputes between the educators and the bishop over fundamental issues. According to the bishop, the views expressed in \"Z 6\" were \"no longer in line with church teaching\". For example, the leadership of the centre granted young people absolute freedom of conscience without simultaneously recognising objective norms and also permitted sexual relations before marriage.\"<\/em><\/p>\n It was his adherence to conservative values and his stubbornness that damaged Rusch's reputation in the last 20 years of his life. When he was consecrated as the first bishop of the newly founded diocese of Innsbruck in 1964, times were changing. The progressive with practical life experience of the past was overtaken by the modern life of a new generation and the needs of the emerging consumer society. The bishop's constant criticism of the lifestyle of his flock and his stubborn adherence to his overly conservative values, coupled with some bizarre statements, turned the co-founder of development aid into a Brother in need<\/em>the young, hands-on bishop of the reconstruction, from the late 1960s onwards as a reason for leaving the church. His concept of repentance and penance took on bizarre forms. He demanded guilt and atonement from the Tyroleans for their misdemeanours during the Nazi era, but at the same time described the denazification laws as too far-reaching and strict. In response to the new sexual practices and abortion laws under Chancellor Kreisky, he said that girls and young women who have premature sexual intercourse are up to twelve times more likely to develop cancer of the mother's organs. Rusch described Hamburg as a cesspool of sin and he suspected that the simple minds of the Tyrolean population were not up to phenomena such as tourism and nightclubs and were tempted to immoral behaviour. He feared that technology and progress were making people too independent of God. He was strictly against the new custom of double income. People should be satisfied with a spiritual family home with a vegetable garden and not strive for more; women should concentrate on their traditional role as housewife and mother.<\/p>\n In 1973, after 35 years at the head of the church community in Tyrol and Innsbruck, Bishop Rusch was made an honorary citizen of the city of Innsbruck. He resigned from his office in 1981. In 1986, Innsbruck's first bishop was laid to rest in St Jakob's Cathedral. The Bishop Paul's Student Residence<\/em> The church of St Peter Canisius in the H\u00f6ttinger Au, which was built under him, commemorates him.<\/p>\n After its closure in 1974, the Z6 youth centre moved to Andreas-Hofer-Stra\u00dfe 11 before finding its current home in Dreiheiligenstra\u00dfe, in the middle of the working-class district of the early modern period opposite the Pest Church. Jussuf Windischer remained in Innsbruck after working on social projects in Brazil. The father of four children continued to work with socially marginalised groups, was a lecturer at the Social Academy, prison chaplain and director of the Caritas Integration House in Innsbruck.<\/p>\n The MK also still exists today, even though the Kennedy House, which was converted into a Sigmund Kripp House<\/em> was renamed, no longer exists. In 2005, Kripp was made an honorary citizen of the city of Innsbruck by his former sodalist and later deputy mayor, like Bishop Rusch before him.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=“Bischof lie\u00df Jugendzentrum %22Z6%22 schlie\u00dfen“ open_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ open_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_text_color=“#e09900″ closed_toggle_background_color=“#ffffff“ icon_color=“#e09900″ open_icon_color=“#e09900″ admin_label=“Bischof lie\u00df Jugendzentrum %22Z6%22 schlie\u00dfen“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ title_text_color=“#e09900″ title_font_size=“18px“ border_radii=“on|5px|5px|5px|5px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ global_module=“67006″ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n Published: Tiroler Tageszeitung \/ 1 August 1974<\/p>\n Innsbruck: An experiment has failed<\/strong><\/p>\n The Catholic youth centre \"Z 6\" in Innsbruck's Zollerstra\u00dfe was closed on the orders of Bishop Paulus Rusch.<\/p>\n In recent weeks, the educators and the bishop had come to profound disagreements over fundamental issues. According to the bishop, the views expressed in \"Z 6\" were \"no longer in line with church teaching\". For example, the centre's management had granted young people absolute freedom of conscience without at the same time recognising objective norms and had also permitted sexual relations before marriage.<\/p>\n According to information from the Innsbruck diocese, Rusch had offered to discuss all issues with the staff at a meeting in the home, but this offer had been rejected.<\/p>\n Z 6\" was mainly frequented by young people from working-class circles, among whom there was also friction. The two Innsbruck rock gangs \"Outsiders\" and \"Riders\", who were recently arrested by the police for making dangerous threats and blackmail, were regular, but not always welcome, visitors to \"Z 6\". They were banned from the premises several times by the educators because of their behaviour. In their work, the priest Dr Meinrad Schumacher and his staff were primarily concerned with involving the so-called fringe groups in Christian youth work.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u201c1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201c4.16\u2033 custom_padding=\u201c|||\u201c global_colors_info=\u201c{}\u201c custom_padding__hover=\u201c|||\u201c][et_pb_text admin_label=\u201c\u00dcberschrift (nicht \u00e4ndern)\u201c _builder_version=\u201c4.24.3\u2033 text_text_color=\u201c#000000\u2033 header_font=\u201c|on|||\u201c header_text_align=\u201ccenter\u201c header_text_color=\u201c#e09900\u2033 header_font_size=\u201c42px\u201c header_line_height=\u201c1.3em\u201c header_2_text_color=\u201c#e09900\u2033 background_color=\u201crgba(255,255,255,0.8)\u201c background_layout=\u201cdark\u201c custom_padding=\u201c20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true\u201c header_font_size_last_edited=\u201coff|desktop\u201c border_radii=\u201con|10px|10px|10px|10px\u201c box_shadow_style=\u201cpreset1\u2033 locked=\u201coff\u201c global_colors_info=\u201c{}\u201c]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blog fullwidth=“off“ posts_number=“50″ include_categories=“148″ show_thumbnail=“off“ use_manual_excerpt=“off“ show_author=“off“ show_date=“off“ show_categories=“off“ show_excerpt=“off“ show_pagination=“off“ admin_label=“Sehensw\u00fcrdigkeiten dieser Kategorie“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_padding=“10px|10px|10px|10px|true|true“ border_radii=“on|10px|10px|10px|10px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_blog][et_pb_text admin_label=“\u00dcbersicht der Stadtgeschichte (nicht \u00e4ndern)“ _builder_version=“4.24.3″ text_text_color=“#000000″ header_font=“|on|||“ header_text_align=“center“ header_text_color=“#e09900″ header_font_size=“42px“ header_line_height=“1.3em“ header_2_text_color=“#e09900″ background_color=“rgba(255,255,255,0.8)“ background_layout=“dark“ custom_padding=“20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true“ header_font_size_last_edited=“off|desktop“ border_radii=“on|10px|10px|10px|10px“ box_shadow_style=“preset1″ locked=“off“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\nSights to see...<\/h2>\n